Nerve Supply: Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Deep Muscles Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerusįunction: Anterior part of the deltoid: flexes and medially rotates arm Middle partof the deltoid: abducts arm Posterior part of the deltoid: extends and laterally rotates the arm Origin: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula The Deltoid comprises 3 distinct pieces each of which offers a different movement of the glenohumeral joint, usually identified the anterior, mid and posterior heads. Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve ( nerve to latissimus dorsi)Īction: Adduction, extension and medial rotation of the shoulderĭeltoid: The Deltoid is a large triangular shaped muscle which extends over the glenohumeral joint and which provides the shoulder its rounded contour. Insertion: Bicipital groove of the humerus Posterior one-third of the outer lip of iliac crest.The latissimus dorsi is the longest muscle in the upper body. Latissimus Dorsi: The latissimus dorsi a large, flat muscle on the back and, behind the arm, and is notably covered by the trapezius on the back near the midline. Upper and lower fibers rotate the scapula forwards.Nerve supply: Spinal part of the accessory nerve is the motor, branches from C3, C4 are proprioceptive Middle fibers into the medial margin of the acromion and upper lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula.Upper fibers of trapezius into posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle.The muscle is split into three parts: superior, inferior, and middle part. Trapezius: The trapezius is a large, flat, superficial muscle lengthening from the cervical to thoracic area on the posterior aspect of the neck and trunk. Extension of the flexed arm against resistance.Clavicular part produces flexion of the arm.Adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder.Nerve supply: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Insertion: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and rests under the breast.Īnterior surface of medial half of clavicleĪnterior surface of manubrium and sternum up to sixth costal cartilagesĪponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen Pectoralis Major Muscle: The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, located at the chest. The shoulder muscles can be separated into three important groups:ģ. Muscles of the shoulder & arm Superficial Muscles Intrinsic shoulder muscles – arise from the scapula and/or the clavicle, and inserts to the humerus. The shoulder muscles produce the characteristic shape of the shoulder and can be classified into two groups:Įxtrinsic shoulder muscles – arise from the torso, and inserts to the clavicle, scapula or humerus). These nerves are responsible for signaling your muscles to work and to also relay sensations such as touch, pain and temperature.Shoulder Muscles: The shoulder muscles are associated with movements of the upper limb. Three main nerves begin together at the shoulder the radial nerve, the ulnar nerve and the medial nerve. These two tendons are important to understand because they are common locations of tendonitis.Īll of the nerves that travel down the arm pass across the elbow. Most of the muscles that straighten the fingers and wrist come together and attach to the medial epicondyle, or the bump on the inside of your arm just above the elbow. The outside (lateral) bump just above the elbow is called the lateral epicondyle. The muscles in your forearm cross the elbow and attach to the humerus. The important tendons of the elbow are the biceps tendon, which is attached the biceps muscle on the front of your arm, and the triceps tendon, which attaches the triceps muscle on the back of your arm. There are tendons in your elbow that attach muscle to bone. A third ligament, the annular ligament, holds the radial head tight against the ulna. The important ligaments of the elbow are the medial collateral ligament (on the inside of the elbow) and the lateral collateral ligament (on the outside of the elbow.) Together these ligaments provide the main source of stability for the elbow, holding the humerus and the ulna tightly together. The joint capsule is a fluid filled sac that surrounds and lubricates the joint. The bones are held together with ligaments that form the joint capsule. Cartilage has a rubbery consistency that allows the joints to slide easily against one another and absorb shock. The ends of the bones are covered with cartilage. The elbow is a hinged joint made up of three bones, the humerus, ulna, and radius.
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